Land-based petroleum spills have the characteristics of sudden occurred, large amount and fast speed of leakage, and wide pollution area, which have caused serious lasting damage to terrestrial ecosystems. This paper summarized the harm of land-based petroleum spills to soil environment and human health, and a method of dealing with oil spills was introduced, including physical and chemical adsorption of inorganic mineral materials and immobilized microorganism treatment technology. In addition, the study focused on the in-situ remediation of land-based petroleum spills in cold environments of China, and the physicchemical adsorption and microbial degradation were organically combined. Besides, the combination of fly ash based zeolite and immobilized microorganisms gave full play to the advantages of high adsorption efficiency of inorganic mineral adsorbent and complete degradation of coldadapted petroleum degrading bacteria. The study can provide scientific basis for treatment of land spilled petroleum under cold environments.